2010 m. rugpjūčio 26 d., ketvirtadienis

"Klausimėlis" - ar žmonės žino kas yra andragogika

Adult Learning Theory


Knowles' Adult Learning Theory

Knowles is referred to as “the Father of Adult Learning”. According to a biography by Dover (2006) Knowles popularized the concept of “andragogy”, though the word ‘androgagy’ first appeared in the writing of a German Teacher named Alexander Kapp, in 1833, who contrasted andragogy (andr – meaning ‘man’) with pedagogy (paid – meaning ‘child’ and agogos meaning ‘leading’). Dover also suggested that later Lindeman applied the term to English, in his book “Meaning of Adult Learning, (Smith, 2002) ”followed by a gradual recognition in France, Yugoslavia and Holland. Knowles apparently heard of the term from a Yugoslavian colleague, Dusan Savicevic ( Dover, 2006).


According to Smith (2002), Knowles wrote the first major accounts of informal adult education and the history of adult education in the United States. Smith (2002) also stated that Knowles wanted to design a unique concept base for adult education and leaning based on the idea of andragogy. Thus, his thesis helped the creation of his first book “Informal Adult Education”, published in 1950 (Smith, 2002). His work brought was significant to adults to help educate people and to help learn (Smith, 2002).

His Major Emphasis
(Smith, 2002)

Formal Programs: are those sponsored for the most part by established educational institutions, such as universities, high schools, and trade schools. While many adults participate in the courses without working for credit, they are organized essentially for credit students… (Smith, 2002).

Informal programs: are fitted into more general programs such as organizations as the YMCA and YWCA, community centers, labor unions, industries and churches (Smith, 2002).

Self-directed Learning: individuals take the initiative, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating leaning outcomes (Smith, 2002).

His Self-directed learning Model includes five steps (Smith, 2002):
1. Diagnosing learning needs.
2. formulating learning needs.
3. Identifying human material resources for learning.
4. choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies.
5. Evaluating learning outcomes.

His Family Background
According to Fiorini (2003) Knowles was born in 1913 and raised in Livingston, Montana. His father's name was Albert Dixon (Fiorini, 2003) who also was a veterninarian (Smith, 2002). His mothers name was Maria (Fiorini, 2003). He married Hulda Elizabeth Fortell, who he met at Harvard, on August 20, 1935 (Fiorini, 2003). He was blessed with two children Eric Stuart and Elisabeth Knowles Hartl (Fiorini, 2003). His wife’s father was a tool-and-die maker in Detroit’s motor industry and an active unionist. Knowles died at the age of 84 at his home in Fayetteville, Arkansas (Smith, 2002).

Publication

Knowles published over 230 articles and 18 books; which include the following (Fiorini, 2003):
Knowles, M. S. (1950). Informal adult education. New York: Association Press.
Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
Knowles, M. S. (1977). The adult education movement in the United States (Revised Edition). Malabar, FL: Krieger.
Knowles, M. S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: From. (Revised Edition). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall/Cambridge.
Knowles, M. S. (1986). Using learning contracts. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Knowles, M. S. (1989). The making of an adult educator: An autobiographical journey. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Knowles, M. S. (1990). The adult learner: A neglected species (Revised Edition. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company.
Knowles, M. S., & Knowles, H. F. (1955). How to develop better leaders. New York: Association Press.
Knowles, M. S., & Knowles, H. F. (1959). Introduction to group dynamics. Chicago: Association Press. Revised edition 1972 published by New York: Cambridge Books.
Knowles, M. S., & Others. (1984). Andragogy in action: Applying modern principles of adult education. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

2010 m. rugpjūčio 25 d., trečiadienis

Žodžio ANDRAGOGIKA reikšmė

Andragogika – suaugusių mokymo teorija ir praktika.

Terminą pirmas pavartojo Kapp, Alexander (1833).
Specialistas vad. andragogu.
Suaugusių mokymas vyksta įvairiose srityse, organizacijose – mokslo ir švietimo įstaigose, įmonėse, bankuose, įvairiose poilsio, sporto centruose, klubuose, asociacijose, bibliotekose, Darbo rinkos mokymo tarnybose, Darbo biržose, ligoninėse (priešgimdyvinėse palatose ir), šalies ginkluotose pajėgose, religinėse bendruomenėse, profesinėse sąjungose, įkalinimo įstaigose, neformalioje slaugoje.

Šaltinis: http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andragogika